Author’s Column by Tymur Levitin — founder, director, and senior teacher of Levitin Language School / Start Language School by Tymur Levitin
语言。身份。选择。意义。
Ukrainian legal and official language is full of expressions that may look simple — but they are often misused, especially under the influence of Russian. Let’s look at some common phrases that even appear in documents and media, and see how to use them correctly.
Згідно з законом vs Згідно закону
- згідно з законом (zhidno z zakonom) → ✅ correct, according to the law. Діємо згідно з законом. → We act according to the law.
- згідно закону (zhidno zakonu) → ❌ incorrect.
- A calque from Russian согласно закону.
- In standard Ukrainian, згідно always requires з + instrumental case.
Відповідно до закону
- відповідно до закону (vidpovidno do zakonu) → ✅ correct, in accordance with the law. Відповідно до закону України «Про освіту»…
This is a stylistic synonym to згідно з законом, often used in more formal contexts.
Дотримано вимог vs Дотримано вимоги
- дотримано вимог (dotrymano vymoh) → ✅ correct, requirements were observed / complied with.
- Дотримуватися always governs the genitive case.
- дотримано вимоги (dotrymano vymohy) → ❌ incorrect.
- This uses accusative case instead of genitive.
- A direct calque from Russian соблюдать требования.
Протягом звітного періоду vs На протязі звітного періоду
- протягом звітного періоду (protyahom zvitnoho periodu) → ✅ correct, during the reporting period. Протягом звітного періоду було подано 20 заяв.
- на протязі звітного періоду (na protyazi zvitnoho periodu) → ❌ incorrect.
- протяг means a draft of air, not a period of time.
- на протязі literally means “where the wind is blowing”.
Cross-Language Parallels
- 英语:
- according to the law, in accordance with the law, during the reporting period.
- 德国:
- gemäß dem Gesetz, entsprechend dem Gesetz, während des Berichtszeitraums.
- 俄罗斯:
- согласно закону, соблюдать требования, в течение отчетного периода — these forms often influence incorrect Ukrainian usage.
为何重要
Correct usage in Ukrainian legal and official language is not only a matter of style — it is about precision, respect, and identity. Misused forms can blur meaning, while proper ones connect Ukrainian to its own linguistic tradition rather than to borrowed calques.
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© Tymur Levitin — founder, director, and senior teacher of Levitin Language School / Start Language School by Tymur Levitin
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